Introduction to Oracle

What is Oracle?                                  

• Oracle is a Relational Database Product from Oracle Corporation
• Which is used to store the data or information in secondary device.          
• it is the top back-end technology.                                                                                                                    

What is Relational Data Model?     

•  Data stores in 2 dimensional tables and also establishes the Relations  between the tables.  
•  In 1970 E.F.CODD Introduces the Relational Data Model.                        
•  Top Products On Relational Data Models are                                                                      

1. Oracle
2.  My SQL                                                                       
3. SQL Server                                                                   
4.  DB2                                                                          
5. SQL Lite                                                                     
6. Sybase                                                                                                                                                  

Relational Data Model Consist of 3 components        

1. Collection of databases Objects                                                
2. Set of Operators                                                             
3. Set of Integrity Rules                                                                                                                                                                                                                   

What is SQL?                                                                     

• SQL stands for Structure Query Language.                                      
•  It is the Command Based 4th Generation Language which means no need to      
•  declare the data types.                                                      
• Which is used for Data Manipulation.                                        
•  It is Powerful Manipulation.                                                
•  It is a Command based Language.                                              
• SQL is a Command Based Language For all DBMS technologies.                                                                                                    

Brief History of Oracle?                                                      

•  In 1977 Larry Ellision ,Bob Miner, Ed Oats Started a New Company .            
• Company Name is SDL(Software Development Laboratory>                          
• Actually Larry Ellision is one of Employee in Ingress Company Before 1977.  
•  Ingress Company is Competitor to IBM company.                                
• In 1979 The Company changed as RSI (Relational Software Inc).                
•  Again The Company Name Changed as Oracle Corporation in 1982.                
• The First Version Released in 1978 introduced Oracle 1.0 but Officialy they are not Released the product.                                                                                                                      
• What Are The Versions Of Oracle?                                                       

 Oracle 2.0 

• First public Released                                                       
• Basic SQL Functionality, Joins                                   

Oracle 3.0

• Commit,Roll Back                                                          
•  Re written In C Language                                         

Oracle 4.0

• Released in 1984                                                           
• Read Consistency                                                

Oracle 5.0

• Released in 1985                                                           
• Client Server Architecture   

Oracle 6.0

• Released in 1988
• PL/SQL Introduced
• Row Level Locks

Oracle 7.0

• Introduced in 1992
• Data Type Varchar2
• Truncate Table
• Store Procedures and Stored Functions
• Triggers
• Packages
• Roles
• View Compilations

Oracle 7.1

• Introduced in  1994
• Introduced Dynamic SQL 

Oracle 7.2

• Introduced in 1995
• Inline Views
• Cursor Variable
• DBMS JOB Packages

Oracle 7.3

• Introduced in 1996
• Bitmap indexes
• UTL - File Packages

Oracle 8.0

• Introduced in 1997
• Introduced Object Technology
• Case Statement
• Instead of Triggers
• Column Increased For a table upto 1000

Oracle 8i (i Refers Internet)

• Introduced in 1999
• Materialized Views
• RollUp,Cube
• Analytical Functions
• Autonomous Transactions
• Trim() function
• Bulk Bind

Oracle 9i

• Introduced in 2001
• Renaming a column
• merge statement
• multiple inserts
• Flash Back Query

Oracle 10G (G Refers GRID Technology)

• Introduced Recycle Bin
• FlashBack Table
• Indices of Clauses
• Regular Expressions
• WM_Concat()

Oracle 11g

• 11g Introduced Continues Statement in PL/SQL Loops
• read only tables
• Pivot()
• Virtual Columns
• simple_Integer datatype in PL/SQL
• Compound Trigger
• Using Sequence in Pl/SQL
• Without Using Dual Table
• Follows Clause in triggers
• Enable/Disable Clauses are used in trigger Specification
• Named ,Mixed notations are used in a subprogram executed by using select statement

Oracle 12C (C Refers Cloud Computing)

• Truncate Table cascade
• multiple indexes
• invisible columns
• sequence session
• new top-n analysis by using fetch. First/Next clause
• New auto increment by using identity columns
• accessible by clause in subprograms